Tipitaka » Vinaya
Pitaka » Context of the Patimokkha
- The Patimokkha
- The Bhikkhus' Code of Discipline
- Translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
For free distribution only, as a gift of Dhamma
Note: See also the Introduction to the
Patimokkha Rules, and the brief overview of the Vinaya. For a
comprehensive introduction and commentary to the Patimokkha rules, see Thanissaro
Bhikkhu's The Buddhist Monastic Code.
1.
Should any bhikkhu -- participating in the training and
livelihood of the bhikkhus, without having renounced the training, without having declared
his weakness -- engage in the sexual act, even with a female animal, he is defeated and no
longer in communion.
2. Should any bhikkhu, in the manner of stealing, take what is
not given from an inhabited area or from the wilderness -- just as when, in the taking of
what is not given, kings arresting the criminal would flog, imprison, or banish him,
saying, "You are a robber, you are a fool, you are benighted, you are a thief"
-- a bhikkhu in the same way taking what is not given is defeated and no longer in
communion.
3. Should any bhikkhu intentionally deprive a human being of
life, or search for an assassin for him, or praise the advantages of death, or incite him
to die (thus): "My good man, what use is this wretched, miserable life to you? Death
would be better for you than life," or with such an idea in mind, such a purpose in
mind, should in various ways praise the advantages of death or incite him to die, he also
is defeated and no longer in communion.
4. Should any bhikkhu, without direct knowledge, boast of a
superior human state, a truly noble knowledge and vision as present in himself, saying,
"Thus do I know; thus do I see," such that regardless of whether or not he is
cross-examined on a later occasion, he -- being remorseful and desirous of purification --
might say, "Friends, not knowing, I said I know; not seeing, I said I see -- vainly,
falsely, idly," unless it was from over-estimation, he also is defeated and no longer
in communion.
1.
Intentional discharge of semen, except while dreaming,
entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
2. Should any bhikkhu, overcome by lust, with altered mind,
engage in bodily contact with a woman, or in holding her hand, holding a lock of her hair,
or caressing any of her limbs, it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the
Community.
3. Should any bhikkhu, overcome by lust, with altered mind,
address lewd words to a woman in the manner of young men to a young woman alluding to
sexual intercourse, it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
4. Should any bhikkhu, overcome by lust, with altered mind,
speak in the presence of a woman in praise of ministering to his own sensuality thus:
"This, sister, is the highest ministration, that of ministering to a virtuous,
fine-natured follower of the celibate life such as myself with this act" -- alluding
to sexual intercourse -- it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
5. Should any bhikkhu engage in conveying a man's intentions
to a woman or a woman's intentions to a man, proposing marriage or paramourage -- even if
only for a momentary liaison -- it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the
Community.
6. When a bhikkhu is building a hut from (gains acquired by)
his own begging -- having no sponsor, destined for himself -- he is to build it to the
standard measurement. Here the standard is this: twelve spans, using the sugata span, in
length (measuring outside); seven in width, (measuring) inside. Bhikkhus are to be
assembled to designate the site. The site the bhikkhus designate should be without
disturbances and with adequate space. If the bhikkhu should build a hut from his own
begging on a site with disturbances and without adequate space, or if he should not
assemble the bhikkhus to designate the site, or if he should exceed the standard, it
entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
7. When a bhikkhu is building a large dwelling -- having a
sponsor and destined for himself -- he is to assemble bhikkhus to designate the site. The
site the bhikkhus designate should be without disturbances and with adequate space. If the
bhikkhu should build a large dwelling on a site with disturbances and without adequate
space, or if he should not assemble the bhikkhus to designate the site, it entails initial
and subsequent meetings of the Community.
8. Should any bhikkhu, malicious, angered, displeased, charge
a (fellow) bhikkhu with an unfounded case involving defeat, (thinking), "Surely with
this I may bring about his fall from the celibate life," then regardless of whether
or not he is cross-examined on a later occasion, if the issue is unfounded and the bhikkhu
confesses his anger, it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
9. Should any bhikkhu, malicious, angered, displeased, using
as a mere ploy an aspect of an issue that pertains otherwise, charge a bhikkhu with a case
involving defeat, (thinking), "Surely with this I may bring about his fall from the
celibate life," then regardless of whether or not he is cross-examined on a later
occasion, if the issue pertains otherwise, an aspect used as a mere ploy, and the bhikkhu
confesses his anger, it entails initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
10. Should any bhikkhu agitate for a schism in a Community in
concord, or should he persist in taking up an issue conducive to schism, the bhikkhus
should admonish him thus: "Do not, Ven. sir, agitate for a schism in a Community in
concord or persist in taking up an issue conducive to schism. Let the venerable one be
reconciled with the Community, for a Community in concord, on complimentary terms, free
from dispute, having a common recitation, dwells in peace."
And should that bhikkhu, admonished thus by the bhikkhus, persist as before, the
bhikkhus are to rebuke him up to three times so as to desist. If while being rebuked up to
three times he desists, that is good. If he does not desist, it entails initial and
subsequent meetings of the Community.
11. Should bhikkhus -- one, two, or three -- who are
followers and partisans of that bhikkhu, say, "Do not, Ven. sirs, admonish that
bhikkhu in any way. He is an exponent of the Dhamma, an exponent of the Vinaya. He acts
with our consent and approval. He knows, he speaks for us, and that is pleasing to
us," other bhikkhus are to admonish them thus: "Do not say that, Ven. sirs. That
bhikkhu is not an exponent of the Dhamma and he is not an exponent of the Vinaya. Do not,
Ven. sirs, approve of a schism in the Community. Let the venerable ones' (minds) be
reconciled with the Community, for a Community in concord, on complimentary terms, without
dispute, with a common recitation, dwells in peace."
And should those bhikkhus, thus admonished, persist as before, the bhikkhus are to
rebuke them up to three times so as to desist. If while being rebuked up to three times by
the bhikkhus they desist, that is good. If they do not desist, it entails initial and
subsequent meetings of the Community.
12. In case a bhikkhu is by nature difficult to admonish --
who, when being legitimately admonished by the bhikkhus with reference to the training
rules included in the (Patimokkha) recitation, makes himself unadmonishable (saying),
"Do not, venerable ones, say anything to me, good or bad; and I will not say anything
to the venerable ones, good or bad. Refrain, venerable ones, from admonishing me" --
the bhikkhus should admonish him thus: "Let the venerable one not make himself
unadmonishable. Let the venerable one make himself admonishable. Let the venerable one
admonish the bhikkhus in accordance with what is right, and the bhikkhus will admonish the
venerable one in accordance with what is right; for it is thus that the Blessed One's
following is nurtured: through mutual admonition, through mutual rehabilitation."
And should that bhikkhu, thus admonished by the bhikkhus, persist as before, the
bhikkhus are to be rebuke him up to three times so as to desist. If while being rebuked up
to three times he desists, that is good. If he does not desist, it entails initial and
subsequent meetings of the Community.
13. In case a bhikkhu living in dependence on a certain
village or town is a corrupter of families, a man of depraved conduct -- whose depraved
conduct is both seen and heard about, and the families he has corrupted are both seen and
heard about -- the bhikkhus are to admonish him thus: "You, Ven. sir, are a corrupter
of families, a man of depraved conduct. Your depraved conduct is both seen and heard
about; the families you have corrupted are both seen and heard about. Leave this
monastery, Ven. sir. Enough of your staying here."
And should that bhikkhu, thus admonished by the bhikkhus, say about the bhikkhus,
"The bhikkhus are prejudiced by favoritism, prejudiced by aversion, prejudiced by
delusion, prejudiced by fear, in that for this sort of offense they banish some and do not
banish others," the bhikkhus are to admonish him thus: "Do not say that, Ven.
sir. The bhikkhus are not prejudiced by favoritism, are not prejudiced by aversion, are
not prejudiced by delusion, are not prejudiced by fear. You, Ven. sir, are a corrupter of
families, a man of depraved conduct. Your depraved conduct is both seen and heard about,
and the families you have corrupted are both seen and heard about. Leave this monastery,
Ven. sir. Enough of your staying here."
And should that bhikkhu, thus admonished by the bhikkhus, persist as before, the
bhikkhus are to rebuke him up to three times so as to desist. If while being rebuked up to
three times he desists, that is good. If he does not desist, it entails initial and
subsequent meetings of the Community.
1.
Should any bhikkhu sit in private, alone with a woman in a
seat secluded enough to lend itself (to the sexual act), so that a female lay follower
whose word can be trusted, having seen (them), might describe it as constituting any of
three cases -- involving either defeat, communal meetings, or confession -- then the
bhikkhu, acknowledging having sat (there), may be dealt with for any of the three cases --
involving defeat, communal meetings, or confession -- or he may be dealt with for
whichever case the female lay follower described. This case is undetermined.
2. In case a seat is not sufficiently secluded to lend itself
(to the sexual act) but sufficiently so to address lewd words to a woman, should any
bhikkhu sit in private, alone with a woman in such a seat, so that a female lay follower
whose word can be trusted, having seen them, would describe it as constituting either of
two cases -- involving communal meetings or confession -- then the bhikkhu, acknowledging
having sat (there), is to be dealt with for either of the two cases -- involving communal
meetings or confession -- or he is to be dealt with for whichever case the female lay
follower described. This case too is undetermined.
1.
When a bhikkhu has finished his robe-making and the frame
is destroyed (his kathina privileges are in abeyance), he is to keep an extra robe-cloth
ten days at most. Beyond that, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
2. When a bhikkhu has finished his robe-making and the frame
is destroyed (his kathina privileges are in abeyance): If he dwells apart from (any of)
his three robes even for one night -- unless authorized by the bhikkhus -- it is to be
forfeited and confessed.
3. When a bhikkhu has finished his robe-making and the kathina
privileges are in abeyance: If out-of-season robe-cloth accrues to him, he may accept it
if he so desires. Once he accepts it, he is to make it up immediately (into a cloth
requisite). If it should not be enough, he may lay it aside for a month at most if he has
an expectation for filling the lack. Should he keep it beyond that, even when there is an
expectation (for further cloth), it is to be forfeited and confessed.
4. Should any bhikkhu have a used robe washed, dyed, or beaten
by a bhikkhuni unrelated to him, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
5. Should any bhikkhu accept robe-cloth from a bhikkhuni
unrelated to him -- unless it is in exchange -- it is to be forfeited and confessed.
6. Should any bhikkhu ask for robe-cloth from a man or woman
householder unrelated to him, except at the proper occasion, it is to be forfeited and
confessed. Here the proper occasion is this: The bhikkhu's robe has been stolen or
destroyed. This is the proper occasion in this case.
7. If that unrelated man or woman householder presents the
bhikkhu with many robes (pieces of robe-cloth), he is to accept at most (enough for) an
upper and an under robe. If he accepts more than that, it is to be forfeited and
confessed.
8. In case a man or woman householder prepares a robe fund for
the sake of an unrelated bhikkhu, thinking. "Having purchased a robe with this robe
fund, I will supply the bhikkhu named so-and-so with a robe:" If the bhikkhu, not
previously invited, approaching (the householder) should make a stipulation with regard to
the robe, saying, "It would be good indeed, sir, if you supplied me (with a robe),
having purchased a robe of such-and-such a sort with this robe fund" -- out of a
desire for something fine -- it is to be forfeited and confessed.
9. In case two householders -- men or women -- prepare
separate robe funds for the sake of a bhikkhu unrelated to them, thinking, "Having
purchased separate robes with these separate robe funds of ours, we will supply the
bhikkhu named so-and-so with robes": If the bhikkhu, not previously invited,
approaching (them) should make a stipulation with regard to the robe, saying, "It
would be good indeed, sirs, if you supplied me (with a robe), having purchased a robe of
such-and-such a sort with these separate robe funds, the two (funds) together for one
(robe)" -- out of a desire for something fine -- it is to be forfeited and confessed.
10. In case a king, a royal official, a brahmin or a
householder sends a robe fund for the sake of a bhikkhu via a messenger (saying),
"Having purchased a robe with this robe fund, supply the bhikkhu named so-and-so with
a robe": If the messenger, approaching the bhikkhu, should say, "This is a robe
fund being delivered for the sake of the venerable one. May the venerable one accept this
robe fund," then the bhikkhu is to tell the messenger: "We do not accept robe
funds, my friend. We accept robes (robe-cloth) as are proper according to season."
If the messenger should say to the bhikkhu, "Does the venerable one have a
steward?" then, bhikkhus, if the bhikkhu desires a robe, he may indicate a steward --
either a monastery attendant or a lay follower -- (saying), "That, my friend, is the
bhikkhus' steward."
If the messenger, having instructed the steward and going to the bhikkhu, should say,
"I have instructed the steward the venerable one indicated. May the venerable one go
(to him) and he will supply you with a robe in season," then the bhikkhu, desiring a
robe and approaching the steward, may prompt and remind him two or three times, "I
have need of a robe." Should (the steward) produce the robe after being prompted and
reminded two or three times, that is good.
If he does not produce the robe, (the bhikkhu) should stand in silence four times, five
times, six times at most for that purpose. Should (the steward) produce the robe after
(the bhikkhu) has stood in silence for the purpose four, five, six times at most, that is
good.
If he should not produce the robe (at that point), should he then produce the robe
after (the bhikkhu) has endeavored further than that, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
If he should not produce (the robe), then the bhikkhu himself should go to the place
from which the robe fund was brought, or a messenger should be sent (to say), "The
robe fund that you, venerable sirs, sent for the sake of the bhikkhu has given no benefit
to the bhikkhu at all. May the you be united with what is yours. May what is yours not be
lost." This is the proper course here.
11.
Should any bhikkhu have a felt (blanket/rug) made of a
mixture containing silk, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
12. Should any bhikkhu have a felt (blanket/rug) made of pure
black wool, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
13. When a bhikkhu is making a new felt (blanket/rug), two
parts of pure black wool are to be incorporated, a third (part) of white, and a fourth of
brown. If a bhikkhu should have a new felt (blanket/rug) made without incorporating two
parts of pure black wool, a third of white, and a fourth of brown, it is to be forfeited
and confessed.
14. When a new felt (blanket/rug) has been made by a bhikkhu,
it is to be kept for (at least) six years. If after less than six years he should have
another new felt (blanket/rug) made, regardless of whether or not he has disposed of the
first, then -- unless he has been authorized by the bhikkhus -- it is to be forfeited and
confessed.
15. When a felt sitting rug is being made by a bhikkhu, a
piece of old felt a sugata span (25 cm.) on each side is to be incorporated for the sake
of discoloring it. If, without incorporating a piece of old felt a sugata span on each
side, he should have a new felt sitting rug made, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
16. If wool accrues to a bhikkhu as he is going on a journey,
he may accept it if he so desires. Once he accepts it, he may carry it by hand -- there
being no one else to carry it -- three leagues (48 km.=30 miles) at most. Should he carry
it farther than that, even if there is no one else to carry it, it is to be forfeited and
confessed.
17.Should any bhikkhu have wool washed, dyed, or carded by a
bhikkhuni unrelated to him, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
18. Should any bhikkhu take gold and silver, or have it
taken, or consent to its being deposited (near him), it is to be forfeited and confessed.
19. Should any bhikkhu engage in various types of monetary
exchange, it (the income) is to be forfeited and confessed.
20. Should any bhikkhu engage in various types of trade, (the
article obtained) is to be forfeited and confessed.
21. An extra alms bowl may be kept ten days at most. Beyond
that, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
22. Should a bhikkhu with an alms bowl having less than five
mends ask for another new bowl, it is to be forfeited and confessed. The bowl is to be
forfeited by the bhikkhu to the company of bhikkhus. That company of bhikkhus' final bowl
should be presented to the bhikkhu, (saying,) "This, bhikkhu, is your bowl. It is to
be kept until broken." This is the proper procedure here.
23.There are these tonics to be taken by sick bhikkhus: ghee,
fresh butter, oil, honey, sugar/molasses. Having been received, they are to be used from
storage seven days at most. Beyond that, they are to be forfeited and confessed.
24. When a month is left to the hot season, a bhikkhu may
seek a rains-bathing cloth. When a half-month is left to the hot season, (the cloth)
having been made, may be worn. If when more than a month is left to the hot season he
should seek a rains-bathing cloth, (or) when more than a half-month is left to the hot
season, (the cloth) having been made should be worn, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
25. Should any bhikkhu, having himself given a robe-cloth to
(another) bhikkhu, and then being angered and displeased, snatch it back or have it
snatched back, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
26. Should any bhikkhu, having requested thread, have a robe
woven by weavers, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
27. In case a man or woman householder unrelated to a bhikkhu
has weavers weave robe-cloth for his sake, and if the bhikkhu, not previously invited (by
the householder), having approached the weavers, should make stipulations with regard to
the cloth, saying, "This cloth, friends, is to be woven for my sake. Make it long,
make it broad, make it tightly woven, well woven, well spread, well scraped, well
smoothed, and perhaps I may reward you with a little something;" and should the
bhikkhu, having said that, reward them with a little something, even as much as almsfood,
it (the cloth) is to be forfeited and confessed.
28.Ten days prior to the third-month Kattika full moon,
should robe-cloth offered in urgency accrue to a bhikkhu, he is to accept it if he regards
it as offered in urgency. Once he has accepted it, he may keep it throughout the robe
season. Beyond that, it is to be forfeited and confessed.
29. There are wilderness abodes that are considered dubious
and risky. A bhikkhu living in such abodes after the (fourth-month) Kattika full moon has
passed may keep any one of his three robes in a village if he so desires. Should he have
any reason to live apart from the robe, he may do so for six nights at most. If he should
live apart from it longer than that -- unless authorized by the bhikkhus -- it is to be
forfeited and confessed.
30. Should any bhikkhu knowingly divert to himself gains that
had been intended for a Community, they are to be forfeited and confessed.
1.
A deliberate lie is to be confessed.
2. An insult is to be confessed.
3. Malicious tale-bearing among bhikkhus is to be confessed.
4. Should any bhikkhu have an unordained person recite Dhamma
line by line (with him), it is to be confessed.
5. Should any bhikkhu lie down in the same lodging with an
unordained person for more than two or three consecutive nights, it is to be confessed.
6. Should any bhikkhu lie down in the same lodging with a
woman, it is to be confessed.
7. Should any bhikkhu teach more than five or six sentences of
Dhamma to a woman, unless a knowledgeable man is present, it is to be confessed.
8. Should any bhikkhu report (his own) factual superior human
state to an unordained person, it is to be confessed.
9. Should any bhikkhu report (another) bhikkhu's gross offense
to an unordained person -- unless authorized by the bhikkhus -- it is to be confessed.
10. Should any bhikkhu dig soil or have it dug, it is to be
confessed.
11.
The damaging of a living plant is to be confessed.
12. Evasive speech and uncooperativeness are to be confessed.
13. Maligning or complaining (about a Community official) is
to be confessed.
14. Should any bhikkhu set a bed, bench, mattress, or stool
belonging to the Community out in the open -- or have it set out -- and then on departing
neither put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to
be confessed.
15. Should any bhikkhu, having set out bedding in a lodging
belonging to the Community -- or having had it set out -- and then on departing neither
put it away nor have it put away, or should he go without taking leave, it is to be
confessed.
16. Should any bhikkhu knowingly lie down in a lodging
belonging to the Community so as to intrude on a bhikkhu who arrived there first,
(thinking), "Whoever feels crowded will go away" -- doing it for this reason and
no other -- it is to be confessed.
17. Should any bhikkhu, angry and displeased, evict a bhikkhu
from a dwelling belonging to the Community -- or have him evicted -- it is to be
confessed.
18. Should any bhikkhu sit or lie down on a bed or bench with
detachable legs on an (unplanked) loft in a dwelling belonging to the Community, it is to
be confessed.
19. When a bhikkhu is building a large dwelling, he may apply
two or three layers of facing to plaster the area around the window frame and reinforce
the area around the door frame the width of the door opening, while standing where there
are no crops to speak of. Should he apply more than that, even if standing where there are
no crops to speak of, it is to be confessed.
20. Should any bhikkhu knowingly pour water containing living
beings -- or have it poured -- on grass or on clay, it is to be confessed.
21.
Should any bhikkhu, unauthorized, exhort the bhikkhunis,
it is to be confessed.
22. Should any bhikkhu, even if authorized, exhort the
bhikkhunis after sunset, it is to be confessed.
23. Should any bhikkhu, having gone to the bhikkhunis'
quarters, exhort the bhikkhunis -- except at the proper occasion -- it is to be confessed.
Here the proper occasion is this: A bhikkhuni is ill. This is the proper occasion here.
24. Should any bhikkhu say that the bhikkhus exhort the
bhikkhunis for the sake of personal gain, it is to be confessed.
25. Should any bhikkhu give robe-cloth to a bhikkhuni
unrelated to him, except in exchange, it is to be confessed.
26. Should any bhikkhu sew a robe or have it sewn for a
bhikkhuni unrelated to him, it is to be confessed.
27. Should any bhikkhu, by arrangement, travel together with
a bhikkhuni even for the interval between one village and the next, except at the proper
occasion, it is to be confessed. Here the proper occasion is this: The road is to be
traveled by caravan, and is considered dubious and risky. This is the proper occasion
here.
28. Should any bhikkhu, by arrangement, get in the same boat
with a bhikkhuni going upstream or downstream -- except to cross over to the other bank --
it is to be confessed.
29. Should any bhikkhu knowingly eat almsfood donated through
the prompting of a bhikkhuni, except for food that householders had already intended for
him prior (to her prompting), it is to be confessed.
30. Should any bhikkhu sit in private, alone with a
bhikkhuni, it is to be confessed.
31.
A bhikkhu who is not ill may eat one meal at a public
alms center. Should he eat more than that, it is to be confessed.
32. A group meal, except on the proper occasions, is to be
confessed. Here the proper occasions are these: a time of illness, a time of giving cloth,
a time of making robes, a time of going on a journey, a time of embarking on a boat, an
extraordinary occasion, a time when the meal is supplied by contemplatives. These are the
proper occasions here.
33. An out-of-turn meal, except on the proper occasions, is
to be confessed. Here the proper occasions are these: a time of illness, a time of giving
cloth (the robe season), a time of making robes. These are the proper occasions here.
34. In case a bhikkhu arriving at a family residence is
presented with cakes or cooked grain-meal, he may accept two or three bowlfuls if he so
desires. If he should accept more than that, it is to be confessed. Having accepted the
two-or-three bowlfuls and having taken them from there, he is to share them among the
bhikkhus. This is the proper course here.
35. Should any bhikkhu, having eaten and turned down an offer
(of further food), chew or consume staple or non-staple food that is not left over, it is
to be confessed.
36. Should any bhikkhu, knowingly and wishing to find fault,
present staple or non-staple food to a bhikkhu who has eaten and turned down an offer (for
further food), saying, "Here, bhikkhu, chew or consume this" -- when it has been
eaten, it is to be confessed.
37. Should any bhikkhu chew or consume staple or non-staple
food at the wrong time, it is to be confessed.
38. Should any bhikkhu chew or consume stored-up staple or
non-staple food, it is to be confessed.
39. There are these finer staple foods, i.e., ghee, fresh
butter, oil, honey, sugar/molasses, fish, meat, milk, and curds. Should any bhikkhu who is
not ill, having asked for finer staple foods such as these for his own sake, then eat
them, it is to be confessed.
40. Should any bhikkhu take into his mouth an edible that has
not been given -- except for water and tooth-cleaning sticks -- it is to be confessed.
41.
Should any bhikkhu give staple or non-staple food with
his own hand to a naked ascetic, a male wanderer, or a female wanderer, it is to be
confessed.
42. Should any bhikkhu say to a bhikkhu, "Come, my
friend, let's enter the village or town for alms," and then -- whether or not he has
had (food) given to him -- dismiss him, saying, "Go away, my friend. I don't like
sitting or talking with you. I prefer sitting or talking alone," if doing it for that
reason and no other, it is to be confessed.
43.Should a bhikkhu sit intruding on a family "with its
meal," it is to be confessed.
44. Should any bhikkhu sit in private on a secluded seat with
a woman, it is to be confessed.
45. Should any bhikkhu sit in private, alone with a woman, it
is to be confessed.
46. Should any bhikkhu, being invited for a meal and without
taking leave of an available bhikkhu, go calling on families before or after the meal,
except at the proper times, it is to be confessed. Here the proper times are these: the
time of giving cloth, the time of making robes. These are the proper times here.
47.A bhikkhu who is not ill may accept (make use of) a
four-month invitation to ask for requisites. If he should accept (make use of) it for
longer than that -- unless the invitation is renewed or is permanent -- it is to be
confessed.
48. Should any bhikkhu go to see an army on active duty,
unless there is a suitable reason, it is to be confessed.
49.There being some reason or another for a bhikkhu to go to
an army, he may stay two or three (consecutive) nights with the army. If he should stay
longer than that, it is to be confessed.
50. If a bhikkhu staying two or three nights with an army
should go to a battlefield, a roll call, the troops in battle formation, or to see a
review of the (battle) units, it is to be confessed.
51.
The drinking of alcohol or fermented liquor is to be
confessed.
52. Tickling with the fingers is to be confessed.
53. The act of playing in the water is to be confessed.
54. Disrespect is to be confessed.
55. Should any bhikkhu try to frighten another bhikkhu, it is
to be confessed.
56. Should any bhikkhu who is not ill, seeking to warm
himself, kindle a fire or have one kindled -- unless there is a suitable reason -- it is
to be confessed.
57. Should any bhikkhu bathe at intervals of less than half a
month, except at the proper occasions, it is to be confessed. Here the proper occasions
are these: the last month and a half of the hot season, the first month of the rains,
these two and a half months being a time of heat, a time of fever; (also) a time of
illness; a time of work; a time of going on a journey; a time of wind or rain. These are
the proper times here.
58. When a bhikkhu receives a new robe, any one of three
means of discoloring it is to be applied: green, brown, or black. If a bhikkhu should make
use of a new robe without applying any of the three means of discoloring it, it is to be
confessed.
59. Should any bhikkhu, himself having placed robe-cloth
under shared ownership (vikappana) with a bhikkhu, a bhikkhuni, a female probationer, a
male novice, or a female novice, then make use of the cloth without the shared ownership's
being rescinded, it is to be confessed.
60. Should any bhikkhu hide (another) bhikkhu's bowl, robe,
sitting cloth, needle case, or belt -- or have it hidden -- even as a joke, it is to be
confessed.
61.
Should any bhikkhu knowingly deprive an animal of life,
it is to be confessed.
62. Should any bhikkhu knowingly make use of water with
living beings in it, it is to be confessed.
63. Should any bhikkhu knowingly agitate for the reviving of
an issue that has been rightfully dealt with, it is to be confessed.
64. Should any bhikkhu knowingly conceal another bhikkhu's
serious offense, it is to be confessed.
65. Should any bhikkhu knowingly give full ordination to an
individual less than twenty years of age, the individual is not ordained and the bhikkhus
are blameworthy; and as for him (the preceptor), it is to be confessed.
66. Should any bhikkhu knowingly and by arrangement travel
together with a caravan of thieves, even for the interval between one village and the
next, it is to be confessed.
67. Should any bhikkhu, by arrangement, travel together with
a woman, even for the interval between one village and the next, it is to be confessed.
68. Should any bhikkhu say the following: "As I
understand the Dhamma taught by the Blessed One, those acts the Blessed One says are
obstructive for me, when indulged in, are not genuine obstructions," the bhikkhus
should admonish him thus: "Do not say that, venerable sir. Do not misrepresent the
Blessed One, for it is not good to misrepresent the Blessed One. The Blessed One would not
say anything like that. In many ways, friend, the Blessed One has described obstructive
acts, and when indulged in they are genuine obstructions."
And should the bhikkhu, thus admonished by the bhikkhus, persist as before, the
bhikkhus are to rebuke him up to three times so as to desist. If while being rebuked up to
three times he desists, that is good. If he does not desist, it is to be confessed.
69. Should any bhikkhu knowingly consort, join in communion,
or lie down in the same lodging with a bhikkhu professing such a view who has not acted in
compliance with the rule, who has not abandoned that view, it is to be confessed.
70. And if a novice should say the following: "As I
understand the Dhamma taught by the Blessed One, those acts the Blessed One says are
obstructive for me when indulged in, are not genuine obstructions," the bhikkhus
should admonish him thus: "Do not say that, friend novice. Do not misrepresent the
Blessed One, for it is not good to misrepresent the Blessed One. The Blessed One would not
say anything like that. In many ways, friend, the Blessed One has described obstructive
acts, and when indulged in they are genuine obstructions."
And should that novice, thus admonished by the bhikkhus, persist as before, the
bhikkhus should admonish him as follows: "From this day forth, friend novice, you are
not to claim the Blessed One as your teacher, nor are you even to have the opportunity the
other novices get -- that of sharing lodgings two or three nights with the bhikkhus. Away
with you! Out of our sight! (literally, 'Get lost!')"
Should any bhikkhu knowingly support, receive services from, consort with, or lie down
in the same lodging with a novice thus expelled, it is to be confessed.
71.
Should any bhikkhu, admonished by the bhikkhus in
accordance with a rule, say, "Friends, I will not train myself under this training
rule until I have put questions about it to another bhikkhu, experienced and learned in
the discipline," it is to be confessed. Bhikkhus, (a training rule) is to be
understood, is to be asked about, is to be pondered. This is the proper course here.
72. Should any bhikkhu, when the Patimokkha is being
repeated, say, "Why are these lesser and minor training rules repeated when they lead
only to anxiety, bother and confusion?" the criticism of the training rules is to be
confessed.
73. Should any bhikkhu, when the Patimokkha is being recited
every half-month, say, "Just now have I heard that this case, too, is handed down in
the Patimokkha, is included in the Patimokkha, and comes up for recitation every
half-month;" and if other bhikkhus should know, "That bhikkhu has already sat
through two or three recitations of the Patimokkha, if not more," the bhikkhu is not
exempted for being ignorant. Whatever the offense he has committed, he is to be dealt with
in accordance with the rule; and in addition, his deception is to be exposed: "It is
no gain for you, friend, it is ill-done, that when the Patimokkha is being recited, you do
not pay proper attention and take it to heart." Here the deception is to be
confessed.
74. Should any bhikkhu, angered and displeased, give a blow
to (another) bhikkhu, it is to be confessed.
75. Should any bhikkhu, angered and displeased, raise his
hand against (another) bhikkhu, it is to be confessed.
76. Should any bhikkhu charge a bhikkhu with an unfounded
sanghadisesa (offense), it is to be confessed.
77. Should any bhikkhu purposefully provoke anxiety in
(another) bhikkhu, (thinking,) "This way, even for just a moment, he will have no
peace" -- if doing it for just this reason and no other -- it is to be confessed.
78. Should any bhikkhu stand eavesdropping on bhikkhus when
they are arguing, quarreling, and disputing, thinking, "I will overhear what they
say" -- if doing it for just this reason and no other -- it is to be confessed.
79. Should any bhikkhu, having given consent (by proxy) to a
formal act carried out in accordance with the rule, later complain (about the act), it is
to be confessed.
80. Should any bhikkhu, when deliberation is being carried on
in the Community, get up from his seat and leave without having given consent, it is to be
confessed.
81. Should any bhikkhu, (acting as part of) a Community in
concord, give robe-cloth (to an individual bhikkhu) and later complain, "The bhikkhus
apportion the Community's gains according to friendship," it is to be confessed.
82. Should any bhikkhu knowingly divert to an individual
gains that had been allocated for the Community, it is to be confessed.
83.
Should any bhikkhu, without being previously announced,
cross the threshold of a consecrated noble king's (sleeping chamber) from which the king
has not left, from which the treasure (the queen) has not withdrawn, it is to be
confessed.
84. Should any bhikkhu pick up or have (someone) pick up a
valuable or what is considered a valuable, except within a monastery or within a dwelling,
it is to be confessed. But when a bhikkhu has picked up or had (someone) pick up a
valuable or what is considered a valuable (left) in a monastery or in a dwelling, he is to
keep it, (thinking,) "Whoever it belongs to will (come and) fetch it." This is
the proper course here.
85. Should any bhikkhu, without taking leave of an available
bhikkhu, enter a village at the wrong time -- unless there is a suitable emergency -- it
is to be confessed.
86. Should any bhikkhu have a needle case made of bone,
ivory, or horn, it is to be broken and confessed.
87. When a bhikkhu is making a new bed or bench, it is to
have legs (at most) eight fingerbreadths long -- using Sugata fingerbreadths -- not
counting the lower edge of the frame. In excess of that it is to be cut down and
confessed.
88. Should any bhikkhu have a bed or bench upholstered, it
(the upholstery) is to be torn off and confessed.
89.When a bhikkhu is making a sitting cloth, it is to be made
to the standard measurement. Here the standard is this: two spans -- using the Sugata span
-- in length, 1 1/2 in width, the border a span. In excess of that, it is to be cut down
and confessed.
90. When a bhikkhu is making a skin-eruption covering cloth,
it is to be made to the standard measurement. Here the standard is this: four spans --
using the Sugata span -- in length, two spans in width. In excess of that, it is to be cut
down and confessed.
91. When a bhikkhu is making a rains-bathing cloth, it is to
be made to the standard measurement. Here the standard is this: six spans -- using the
Sugata span -- in length, 2 1/2 in width. In excess of that, it is to be cut down and
confessed.
92. Should any bhikkhu have a robe made the size of the
Sugata robe or larger, it is to be cut down and confessed. Here, the size of the Sugata
robe is this: nine spans -- using the Sugata span -- in length, six spans in width. This
is the size of the Sugata's Sugata robe.
1.
Should any bhikkhu chew or consume staple or non-staple
food, having received it himself from the hand of an unrelated bhikkhuni in an inhabited
area, he is to acknowledge it: "Friends, I have committed a blameworthy, unsuitable
act that ought to be acknowledged. I acknowledge it."
2. In case bhikkhus, being invited, are eating in family
homes, and if a bhikkhuni is standing there as though giving directions, (saying,)
"Give curry here, give rice here," then the bhikkhus are to dismiss her:
"Go away, sister, while the bhikkhus are eating." If not one of the bhikkhus
should speak to dismiss her, "Go away, sister, while the bhikkhus are eating,"
the bhikkhus are to acknowledge it: "Friends, we have committed a blameworthy,
unsuitable act that ought to be acknowledged. We acknowledge it."
3.There are families designated as in training. Should any
bhikkhu, not being ill, uninvited beforehand, chew or consume staple or non-staple food,
having received it himself at the homes of families designated as in training, he is to
acknowledge it: "Friends, I have committed a blameworthy, unsuitable act that ought
to be acknowledged. I acknowledge it."
4.There are wilderness abodes that are dubious and risky.
Should any bhikkhu, not being ill, living in such abodes, chew or consume unannounced
(gifts of) staple or non-staple food, having received them himself in the abode, he is to
acknowledge it: "Friends, I have committed a blameworthy, unsuitable act that ought
to be acknowledged. I acknowledge it."
1.
[2] I will wear the lower robe [upper
robe] wrapped around (me): a training to be observed.
3. [4] I will go [sit] well-covered in
inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
5. [6] I will go [sit] well-restrained in
inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
7. [8] I will go [sit] with eyes lowered in
inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
9. [10] I will not go [sit] with robes
hitched up in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
11. [12] I will not go [sit] laughing
loudly in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
13. [14] I will go [sit] (speaking) with a
lowered voice in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
15. [16] I will not go [sit] swinging the
body in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
17. [18] I will not go [sit] swinging the
arms in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
19. [20] I will not go [sit] swinging the
head in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
21. [22] I will not go [sit] with arms
akimbo in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
23. [24] I will not go [sit] with my head
covered in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
25. I will not go tiptoeing or walking just on the heels in
inhabited areas: a training to be observed.
26. I will not sit holding up the knees in inhabited areas: a
training to be observed.
27.
I will receive almsfood appreciatively: a training to be
observed.
28. I will receive almsfood with attention focused on the
bowl: a training to be observed.
29. I will receive almsfood with bean curry in proper
proportion: a training to be observed.
30. I will receive almsfood level with the edge (of the
bowl): a training to be observed.
31. I will eat almsfood appreciatively: a training to be
observed.
32. I will eat almsfood with attention focused on the bowl: a
training to be observed.
33. I will eat almsfood methodically: a training to be
observed.
34. I will eat almsfood with bean curry in proper proportion:
a training to be observed.
35. I will not eat almsfood taking mouthfuls from a heap: a
training to be observed.
36. I will not hide bean curry and foods with rice out of a
desire to get more: a training to be observed.
37. Not being ill, I will not eat rice or bean curry that I
have requested for my own sake: a training to be observed.
38. I will not look at another's bowl intent on finding
fault: a training to be observed.
39. I will not take an extra-large mouthful: a training to be
observed.
40. I will make a rounded mouthful: a training to be
observed.
41. I will not open the mouth when the mouthful has yet to be
brought to it: a training to be observed.
42. I will not put the whole hand into the mouth while
eating: a training to be observed.
43. I will not speak with the mouth full of food: a training
to be observed.
44. I will not eat from lifted balls of food: a training to
be observed.
45. I will not eat nibbling at mouthfuls of food: a training
to be observed.
46. I will not eat stuffing out the cheeks: a training to be
observed.
47. I will not eat shaking (food off) the hand: a training to
be observed.
48. I will not eat scattering rice about: a training to be
observed.
49. I will not eat sticking out the tongue: a training to be
observed.
50. I will not eat smacking the lips: a training to be
observed.
51. I will not eat making a slurping noise: a training to be
observed.
52. I will not eat licking the hands: a training to be
observed.
53. I will not eat licking the bowl: a training to be
observed.
54. I will not eat licking the lips: a training to be
observed.
55. I will not accept a water vessel with a hand soiled by
food: a training to be observed.
56. I will not, in an inhabited area, throw away bowl-rinsing
water that has grains of rice in it: a training to be observed.
57.
I will not teach Dhamma to a person with an umbrella in
his hand and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
58. I will not teach Dhamma to a person with a staff in his
hand and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
59. I will not teach Dhamma to a person with a knife in his
hand and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
60. I will not teach Dhamma to a person with a weapon in his
hand and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
61. [62] I will not teach Dhamma to a
person wearing non-leather [leather] footwear who is not ill: a training to be observed.
63. I will not teach Dhamma to a person in a vehicle and who
is not ill: a training to be observed.
64. I will not teach Dhamma to a person lying down who is not
ill: a training to be observed.
65. I will not teach Dhamma to a person who sits holding up
his knees and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
66. I will not teach Dhamma to a person wearing headgear who
is not ill: a training to be observed.
67. I will not teach Dhamma to a person whose head is covered
(with a robe or scarf) and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
68. Sitting on the ground, I will not teach Dhamma to a
person sitting on a seat who is not ill: a training to be observed.
69. Sitting on a low seat, I will not teach Dhamma to a
person sitting on a high seat who is not ill: a training to be observed.
70. Standing, I will not teach Dhamma to a person sitting who
is not ill: a training to be observed.
71. Walking behind, I will not teach Dhamma to a person
walking ahead who is not ill: a training to be observed.
72. Walking beside a path, I will not teach Dhamma to a
person walking on the path and who is not ill: a training to be observed.
73.
Not being ill, I will not defecate or urinate while
standing: a training to be observed.
74. Not being ill, I will not defecate, urinate, or spit on
living crops: a training to be observed.
75. Not being ill, I will not defecate, urinate, or spit in
water: a training to be observed.
1.
A verdict "in the presence of" should be
given. This means that the formal act settling the issue must be carried out in the
presence of the Community, in the presence of the individuals, and in the presence of the
Dhamma and Vinaya.
2. A verdict of mindfulness may be given. This is the
verdict of innocence given in an accusation, based on the fact that the accused remembers
fully that he did not commit the offense in question.
3. A verdict of past insanity may be given. This is
another verdict of innocence given in an accusation, based on the fact that the accused
was out of his mind when he committed the offense in question and so is absolved of any
responsibility for it.
4. Acting in accordance with what is admitted. This
refers to the ordinary confession of offenses, where no formal interrogation is involved.
The confession is valid only if in accord with the facts, e.g., a bhikkhu actually commits
a pacittiya offense and then confesses it as such, and not as a stronger or lesser
offense. If he were to confess it as a dukkata or a sanghadisesa, that would be invalid.
5. Acting in accordance with the majority. This refers
to cases in which bhikkhus are unable to settle a dispute unanimously, even after all the
proper procedures are followed, and -- in the words of the Canon -- are "wounding one
another with weapons of the tongue." In cases such as these, decisions can be made by
majority vote.
6. Acting in accordance with the accused's further
misconduct. This refers to cases where a bhikkhu admits to having committed the
offense in question only after being formally interrogated about it. He is then to be
reproved for his actions, made to remember the offense and to confess it, after which the
Community carries out a formal act of "further misconduct" against him as an
added punishment for being so uncooperative as to require the formal interrogation in the
first place.
7. Covering over as with grass. This refers to
situations in which both sides of a dispute realize that, in the course of their dispute,
they have done much that is unworthy of a contemplative. If they were to deal with one
another for their offenses, the only result would be greater divisiveness. Thus if both
sides agree, all the bhikkhus gather in one place. (According to the Commentary, this
means that all bhikkhus in the sima must attend. No one should send his consent,
and even sick bhikkhus must go.) A motion is made to the entire group that this procedure
will be followed. One member of each side then makes a formal motion to the members of his
faction that he will make a confession for them. When both sides are ready, the
representative of each side addresses the entire group and makes the blanket confession,
using the form of a motion and one announcement (natti-dutiya-kamma).