- 6
- Non-duality
Truth occupies a very important position in the Buddha's teaching. The
Four Noble Truths are the hub of the wheel of the Dhamma. Truth (//sacca//) is one of the
ten perfections to be cultivated in order to purify oneself.
Truth can have different aspects. If we want to find an end to
suffering, we have to find truth at its deepest level. The moral precepts which include
"not lying" are a basic training without which one can't lead a spiritual life.
To get to the bottom of truth, one has to get to the bottom of oneself,
and that is not an easy thing to do, aggravated by the problem of not loving oneself. It
naturally follows that if one wants to learn to love oneself, there must be hate present,
and we are caught in the world of duality.
While we are floating around in the world of duality, we can't get to
the bottom of truth, because we are suspended in a wave motion going back and forth. There
is an interesting admonition in the //Sutta Nipata//, mentioning that one should not have
associates, which prevents attachments. This would result in neither love nor hate, so
that only equanimity remains, even-mindedness towards all that exists. With equanimity one
is no longer suspended between good and bad, love and hate, friend and enemy, but has been
able to let go, to get to the bottom where truth can be found.
If we want to find the basic, underlying truth of all existence, we
must practice "letting go." This includes our weakest and our strongest
attachments, many of which aren't even recognized as clinging.
To return to the simile of the truth to be found at the bottom, we can
see that if we are clinging to anything, we can't get down to it. We're attached to the
things, people, ideas and views, which we consider ours and believe to be right and
useful. These attachments will keep us from getting in touch with absolute truth.
Our reactions, the likes and dislikes, hold us in suspense. While it is
more pleasant to like something or someone, yet both are due to attachments. This
difficulty is closely associated with distraction in meditation. Just as we are attached
to the food that we get for the body, we are equally attached to food for the mind, so the
thoughts go here and there, picking up tidbits. As we do that, we are again held in
suspense, moving from thought to breath and back again, being in the world of duality.
When our mind acts in this way, it cannot get to rock bottom.
Depth of understanding enables release from suffering. When one goes
deeper and deeper into oneself, one finds no core, and learns to let go of attachments.
Whether we find anything within us which is pure, desirable, commendable or whether it's
impure and unpleasant, makes no difference. All mental states owned and cherished keep us
in duality, where we are hanging in mid-air, feeling very insecure. They cannot bring an
end to suffering. One moment all might be well in our world and we love everyone, but five
minutes later we might react with hate and rejection.
We might be able to agree with the Buddha's words or regard them as a
plausible explanation, but without the certainty of personal experience, this is of
limited assistance to us. In order to have direct knowledge, it's as if we were a weight
and must not be tied to anything, so that we can sink down to the bottom of all the
obstructions, to see the truth shining through. The tool for that is a powerful mind, a
weighty mind. As long as the mind is interested in petty concerns, it doesn't have the
weightiness that can bring it to the depth of understanding.
For most of us, our mind is not in the heavy-weight class, but more
akin to bantam weight. The punch of a heavy-weight really accomplishes something, that of
a bantam weight is not too meaningful. The light-weight mind is attached here and there to
people and their opinions, to one's own opinions, to the whole duality of pure and impure,
right and wrong.
Why do we take it so personal, when it's truly universal? That seems to
be the biggest difference between living at ease and being able to let the mind delve into
the deepest layer of truth, or living at loggerheads with oneself and others. Neither hate
nor greed are a personal manifestation, nobody has a singular claim on them, they belong
to humanity. We can learn to let go of that personalized idea about our mind states, which
would rid us of a serious impediment. Greed, hate and impurities exist, by the same token
non-greed and non-hate also exist. Can we own the whole lot? Or do we own them in
succession or five minutes at a time for each? Why own any of them, they just exist and
seeing that, it becomes possible to let oneself sink into the depth of the Buddha's
vision.
The deepest truth that the Buddha taught was that there is no
individual person. This has to be accepted and experienced at a feeling level. As long as
one hasn't let go of owning body and mind, one cannot accept that one isn't really this
person. This is a gradual process. In meditation one learns to let go of ideas and stories
and attend to the meditation subject. If we don't let go, we cannot sink into the
meditation. The mind has to be a heavy- weight for that too.
We can compare the ordinary mind to bobbing around on the waves of
thoughts and feelings. The same happens in meditation, therefore we need to prepare
ourselves for becoming concentrated. We can look at all mind states arising during the day
and learn to let go of them. The ease and buoyancy which arises from this process is due
to being unattached. If we don't practice throughout the day, our meditation suffers
because we have not come to the meditation cushion in a suitable frame of mind. If one has
been letting go all day, the mind is ready and can now let go in meditation too. Then it
can experience its own happiness and purity.
Sometimes people think of the teaching as a sort of therapy, which it
undoubtedly is, but that's not its ultimate aim, only one of its secondary aspects. The
Buddha's teaching takes us to the end of suffering, once and for all, not just momentarily
when things go wrong.
Having had an experience of letting go, even just once, proves beyond a
shadow of a doubt that it means getting rid of a great burden. Carrying one's hate and
greed around is a heavy load, which, when abandoned, gets us out of the duality of
judgement. It's pleasant to be without thinking; mental formations are troublesome.
If we succeed even once or twice during a day to let go of our
reactions, we have taken a great step and can more easily do it again. We have realized
that a feeling which has arisen can be stopped, it need not be carried around all day. The
relief from this will be the proof that a great inner discovery has been made and that the
simplicity of non-duality shows us the way towards truth.