- Từ
Ngữ Phật Học Việt-Anh
- Ấn
bản Internet 2001
L
La. A
net (for catching birds), gauze, openwork; sieve; to arrange in order.
La hán.
Arhat (S). Worthy, worshipful, the saint, or perfect man of Hìnayàna.
La hầu.
Ràhu (S). Demon, king of asuras.
La hầu A
tu la. Ràhu Atula (S). A demon.
La hầu
la. Ràhula (S). Son and one of the ten great disciples of the Buddha.
La hầu
la tôn giả. Ràhulabhadra (S). 16th Indian patriarch.
La sát.
Ràksasas, ràksasi (S). Malignant spirits, malevolent demons.
La thập.
Kumàrajìva (S). Famous Indian monk, translator of sùtras.
La trai.
To collect contributions of food, an almsbowl.
Lạc (Nhạc,
nhạo). Prti (S). Music; joy, joyful, glad, rejoice; also to find joy in, enjoy.
Lạc
bang. The joyful country, the paradise of the West
Lạc biến
hóa thiên. Nirmànarati (S). The fifth of the six desire-heavens, where any form of
joy is attainable at will.
Lạc căn.
The organs of pleasure - eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body.
Lạc dục.
Desire for the pleasant, or pleasure.
Lạc nhân.
Causes of pleasure.
Lạc
pháp. Delight in Buddha-truth, or the religion.
Lạc quả.
Joyful fruit, i.e. nirvàna.
Lạc tưởng.
Perception of pleasure.
Lạc thiên,
lạc quan. Optimistic.
Lạc thụ.
The sensation, or perception of pleasure.
Lạc thổ.
A happy land.
Lạc thuyết.
Joy in preaching, or telling the way of salvation
Lạc thuyết
biện tài. Preaching with eloquence.
Lam phong.
Very strong wind.
Lang tích
sơn. Xem kê túc sơn.
Lánh.
To avoid, shun; to keep out of.
Lánh tục.
Naiskramya (S). Giving up the world and leading a holy life. To avoid, shun the world; to
live the life of a recluse, of a hermit.
Lão.
Jarà (S). Old, old age.
Lão khổ.
One of the four sufferings, that of old age.
Lão túc.
Sthavira (S). An old man, virtuous elder; great scholar
Lão tử.
Jaràmarana (S). Decrepitude and death; one of the twelve nidànas.
Lạp.
Dried flesh; the end of the year; a year; a monastic year, i.e. the end of the annual
summer retreat, also calles giới lạp, hạ lạp, pháp lạc.
Lạp
bát. The 8th day of the 12th month, the day of the Buddha's enlightenment.
Lạt ma.
Lama (Tib).
Lạp Phật.
The offerings to Buddha after the summer retreat, maintained on the 15th day of the 7th
month.
Lạp thứ.
In order of years, i.e. of ordination.
Lăng già.
Lanka (S). Lanka mount.
Lăng giá
đảo, Sư tử quốc đảo. Lankàdvipa, Simhaladvipa (S). Actual Sri Lanka.
Lăng già
kinh. Lankàvatàra-sùtra (S)
Lăng nghiêm
kinh. Suramgama-sùtra (S)
Lâm.
To regard with kindness; approach on the brink of, about to; whilst. Lâm chung. Approach
the end, dying.
Lâm Tế.
A monastery during the Đường dynasty, in Chân Định phủ, from which the founder
of Lâm Tế school derived his title, his name was Nghĩa Huyền.
Lâm tì
ni. Lumbini (S). Lumbini Park, birth place of Prince Siddhartha.
Lầm lạc.
Moha (S). Delusion, stupidity, infatuation.
Lẫn lộn.
Viparyàsa (S). Contradictory mind, wrong state, reversal.
Lậu.
Asràva (S). Flowing, running, discharge; distress, pain, affliction; passions and their
filth; impure efflux from the mind. Cankers, mental intoxicants.
Lậu giới.
To make a leak in the commandments, i.e. break them.
Lậu hoặc.
Xem lậu.
Lậu nghiệp.
The deeds of the sinner in the stream of transmigration, which produce his karma.
Lậu tận.
Asràvaksaya (S). The end of the passions, or the exhaustion of the stream of
transmigration.
Lậu tận
chứng minh. The assurance or realization that the stream of transmigration is ended
and nirvàna attained.
Lậu tận
minh. The realization that the stream of transmigration is ended.
Lậu tận
thông. Asràvaksaya (S) The supernatural insight into the ending of the stream of
transmigration; one of the six abhijnànas lục thông. Extinction of the cankers.
Lậu tận
trí. The wisdom of the arhat.
Lậu tận
tỳ kheo. The monk who has ended the stream of transmigration, the arhat.
Lậu tận
ý giải. The passions ended and the mind freed, the state of the arhat.
Lậu vô
lậu. Transmigration and nirvàna.
Lễ.
Worship, offerings, rites; ritual, ceremonial, decorum, courtesy, etiquette.
Lễ bái.
Namasyà (S). To worship, to render homage to deities. Veneration.
Lễ bái
đường. Church, chapel.
Lễ giáo.
Good manners, decorum; education.
Lễ
kính. To worship, reverence, pay respect.
Lễ Phật.
To worship Buddhas; to bow to the Buddhas.
Lễ sám.
Worship and repentance, penitential offerings.
Lịch.
To pass through, over or to; successive; separated; calender, astronomical calculations.
Lịch
duyên đối cảnh. Passing circumstances and the objects of the senses.
Lịch đại.
Through many generations; generation after generation.
Lịch kiếp.
To pass through a kalpa; in the course of a kalpa; through many existences, many lives.
Liên.
Pundarika (S). The lotus, especially the white lotus Nymphoea alna; Padma (S). Especially
the Nelumbium speciosum; Utpala (S). The Nymphoea coerulca, the blue lotus; Kumuda (S).
Nymphoea esculenta, white lotus, or N. rubra, red lotus; Nilotpala (S). N. cyanea, a blue
lotus. The first four are called white, red, blue, and yellow lotuses.
Liên
bang. The lotus land, the Pure Land of Amitàbha.
Liên
cung. Padmavimàna (S). Lotus-palace, the Pure Land of the Sambhogakàya; also the
eight-leaved lotus of the heart.
Liên hà.
Nairanjanà (S). Name of river. Also Ni liên thiền, Ni liên hà.
Liên hoa.
Padma (S). The lotus flower. Also hoa sen.
Liên hoa
kinh. Saddharma-pundarìka-sùtra (S). Lotus sùtra. Also Kinh Pháp hoa, kinh Diệu
pháp Liên hoa.
Liên Hoa
Sinh. Padma-Sambhava (S)
Liên hoa
quốc. The pure-land of every Buddha, the land of his enjoyment.
Liên hoa
tạng thế giới. The lotus world or universe of each Buddha for his sambhogakàya.
Liên hoa
thủ Bồ tát. Padmapàni (S). Quán âm holding a lotus flower.
Liên hoa
tọa. Padmàsana (S). To sit with crossed legs; also a lotus throne.
Liên hữu.
Mutual protectors, or helpers of the Lotus-sect, i.e. members.
Liên
môn. The Lotus-sect.
Liên
nhãn. The eye of the blue lotus, i.e. the wonderful eye of Buddha.
Liên
sát. Lotus-ksetra, or lotus-land, the paradise of Amitàbha.
Liên
thai. The Lotus-womb in which the believers of Amitàbha are born into his paradise.
Liên
tòa, tòa sen. The lotus throne on which are seated the images; Buddha-throne.
Liên
tông. The Lotus-sect founded by Hui-yuan Huệ Viễn.
Liên tử.
Lotus seeds.
Liên xã,
Bạch liên xã. The white lotus sect, idem Liên tông.
Liễu.
To end, see through, understand, thoroughly know, make clear, thoroughly, completely,
final.
Liễu đạt.
Thorough penetration, clear undersstanding.
Liễu liễu
kiến. The complete vision obtained when the body is in complete rest and the mind
freed from phenomenal disturbance.
Liễu
nghĩa. Revelation of the whole meaning. Bất liễu nghĩa is partial reveletion
adapted (phương tiện) to the capacity of the hearers.
Liễu
nghĩa kinh. The sùtras containing the whole truth.
Liễu ngộ.
Complete enlightenment, or clear apprehension.
Liễu
nhân. A revealing cause. Sinh nhân: a producing or direct cause, e.g. a seed; Liễu
nhân: a revealing cause, e.g. a light, as indicating the effect; knowledge or wisdom.
Liễu
nhân Phật tính. The second of the three Buddha-nature "causes", i.e.
Chính nhân Phật tính is the Chân như as direct cause of attaining the perfect
Buddha-nature, associated with the pháp thân; Liễu nhân Phật tính is the revealing
or enlightening cause, associated ăith the Buddha-wisdom; Duyên nhân Phật tính is
the environment cause, e.g. his goodness and merits which result in deliverance, or
salvation.
Liễu
tri. Parijnà (S). Thorough knowledge. Full understanding.
Linh, kiền
trùy. Ghantà (S). Small bell.
Linh miếu.
Caitya (S). Sepulchral monument, shrine.
Linh sơn.
Xem Linh thứu sơn.
Linh thụ,
ưu đàm. Udumbara (S). The glomarous fig tree.
Linh thụy
hoa, Ưu đàm bát hoa. Udumbara (S)
Linh thứu
sơn, Kỳ xà quật, Xà quật, Kỳ sơn. Grdhrakùta (S). Vulture peak mount.
Lo âu.
Kukrtya (S). Worry.
Loạn.
Disturb, perturb, confusion, disorder, rebellion.
Loạn hạnh.
Disorderly conduct.
Loạn tăng.
A disorderly monk.
Loạn tâm.
A perturbed or confused mind, to disturb or unsettle the mind.
Loạn thiện.
To disturb the good; confound goodness of those who worship, etc with divides mind.
Loạn tưởng.
To think confusedly, or improperly.
Long.
Nàga (S). Dragon, dragon-like, imperial. (Nàga: snake, serpent, elephant.)
Long
châu. Dragon-pearl; pearl below the dragon's jaw.
Long chủng
thượng tôn vương Phật. The Buddha of the race of honourable dragon-kings, a
title of Manjusri.
Long
chương. Dragon books, i.e. the sùtras, so called because the Sanskrit writings
seemed to resemble the forms of snakes and dragons.
Long cung.
Dragon palace, palace of the dragon-kings.
Long hoa hội.
The assembly of Maitreya Buddha for preaching the Buddha-truth.
Long hoa
thụ. Nàga-puspa (S). The dragon-flower-tree, which will be the bodhi-tree of
Maitreya Buddha Phật Di lặc.
Long
khám.Dragon coffins, i.e. those for monks.
Long
Mãnh. Xem Long thụ.
Long nữ.
Nàgakanyà (S), A naga-maiden.
Long phấn
tấn tam muội. A samàdhi powerful like the dragon; abstract meditation which
results in great spiritual power.
Long
quân. Na tiên. Nàgasena (S)
Long tạng.
The dragon-treasury or library.
Long
thang. Dragon soup, a purgative concocted of human and animal urine and excrement.
Long thần.
A dragon-god, or spirit.
Long
thiên. Dragon-kings and devas; also Nàgàrjuna and Vasubandhu.
Long
thiên bát bộ. Nàgas, devas, raksasas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and
maho-ragas.
Long thụ
(thọ), Long Mãnh. Nàgàrjuna (S). 14th ndian patriarch.
Long trí.
Nàgabodhi (S).
Long tượng.
Dragon elephant, or dragon and elephant, i.e. great saints, bodhisattvas, Buddhas.
Long
vương. Nàgaràja (S). Dragon king, a title for the tutelary deity of a lake, river,
sea and other places.
Lòng tin.
Sràddhà (S). Faith, devotion.
Lô ca da
để ca, Lộ già da đà. Loka-yatika (S). Name of a heretic sect.
Lô ca na
tha. Lokanàtha (S). Thế tôn.
Lô ca phại.
Lokavit (S). Thế gian giải.
Lộc dã
viên. Mrganika (S). Deer park. Also lộc uyển, vườn nai.
Lộc mẫu,
Tỳ xá khư. Visàkhà (S). Name.
Lộc trượng.
Migalandika (S). Name.
Lộc túc
vương. Kajmàsapàda (S).
Lộc vương
thành. Sàrnàth (S). Actual name of Rsipatana.
Lộc xa.
Deer-cart.
Lời
nói. Vàc, vàcà (S). Speech, words. Also ngữ.
Lợi.
Patu, tìksna (S). Sharp, keen, clever; profitable, beneficial; gain, advantage, interest.
Lợi căn.
Sharpness, cleverness, intelligence, natural powers, endowment.
Lợi dưỡng.
To nourish oneself by gain; gain; avarice.
Lợi dưỡng
phược. The bond of selfish greed, one of the two bonds, gain and fame.
Lợi hành
nhiếp. Sangraha-vastu (S). The drawing of all beings to Buddhism through blessing
them by deed, word, and will.
Lợi
ích. Benefit, aid, to bless
Lợi ích
nhân thiên. Benefit to men and devas.
Lợi kiếm.
A sharp sword, used figuratively for Amitàbha, and Manjusri, indicating wisdom,
discrimination, or power pover evil.
Lợi lạc.
Blessing and joy.
Lợi lạc
hữu tình. To bless and give joy to the living or sentient.
Lợi
nhân. To benefit or profit men.
Lợi
sinh. Xem lợi lạc hữu tình. Sinh is chúng sinh all the living.
Lợi sử.
The sharp or clever envoy, i.e. the chief illusion of regarding the ego and its
experiences, and ideas as real, one of the five chief illusions.
Lợi tha.
Parahita (S). Welfare for others. The bodhisattva-mind is Tự lợi lợi tha, to improve
oneself for the purpose of improving or benefiting others. Welfare for others.
Lợi
trí. Pàtava (S). Keen intelligence, wisdom, discrimination.
Lợi vật.
Xem lợi tha. Vật: the being.
Luân.
Cakra (S). Wheel, disc, rotation, to revolve. The three wheels are Hoặc Nghiệp Khổ
illusion, karma, suffering, in constant revolution. The five are earth, water, fire, wind
and space; the earth rests on revolving spheres of water, fire, wind and space. The nine
are seen on the tops of pagodas.
Luân bảo.
A cakravartin's wheel, i.e. either gold, silver, copper or iron manifesting his rank and
power.
Luân chuyển.
Samsàra (S). The turning of the wheel, to revolve, i.e. transmigration in the six ways,
the wheel of transmigration; the round of existence.
Luân hỏa.
Alàtacakra (S). Xem hỏa luân.
Luân hồi.
Samsàra (S). Transmigration of souls; metempsychosis. Round of rebirths.
Luân vương.
Cakravartin (S). A ruler the wheels of whose chariot roll everywhere without obstruction;
an emperor, a sovereign ofvthe world, a supreme ruler.
Luận.
Sàstra, abhidharma, upadesa (S). To discourse upon, discuss, reason over; discourses,
discussions, or treatises on dogma, philosophy, discipline, etc.
Luận
gia. Xem luận sư.
Luận giải.
Arthakarthà (S). Explanation, commentary. Also bình luận.
Luận nghị
kinh. Upadesa (S). Dogmatic treatises, the twelfth and last section of the Canon. Also
ưu bà đề xá.
Luận sư.
Sàstra-writer. or interpreters, philosophers.
Luận tạng.
Abhidharma-pitaka (S)> Thesaurus of discussions or discourses. The basket of
philosophical treatises.
Luận
tông. The Madhyamaka school of the Tam luận; also the Abhidharma or Sàstra school.
Luật.
Vinaya, pratimoksa, sìla, upalaksa (S). The discipline, monastic rules.
Luật hạnh.
The discipline in practice, to act according to the rules.
Luật
nghi. Rules and ceremonies, an intuitive apprehension of which, both written and
unwritten, enable the individual to act properly under all circumstances.
Luật
nghi giới. The first of the three Tụ giới, i.e. to avoid evil by keeping to the
discipline.
Luật
pháp. The laws or methods of the discipline; rules and laws.
Luật
sám. Repentance and penance according to the rules.
Luật sư.
Master and teacher of the rules of the discipline.
Luật tạng.
Vinaya pitaka (S). Basket of discipline. Also tỳ nại da, tỳ ni (dịch cũ)
Luật tông.
The Vinaya school, emphasizing the monastic discipline, founded in China by Đạo Tuyên
of the Đường dynasty.
Luật tướng.
The discipline, or its characteristics.
Luật thừa
(thặng). The Vinaya-vehicle, the teaching which emphasizes the discipline.
Lục.
Sad, sat (S). Six.
Lục Ba
la mật. Six paramitàs.
Lục bộ
Đại thừa kinh. The six works chosen by Từ Ân as authoritative in the Pháp tướng
tông Dharmalaksana school, i.e Đại phương quảng Phật Hoa nghiêm, Giải thâm mật,
Như lai xuất hiện công đức trang nghiêm, A tỳ đạt ma, Lăng già, and Hậu
nghiêm.
Lục cảnh.
The six fields of the senses, i.e. the objective fields of sight, sound, smell, taste,
touch, and idea (or thought).
Lục căn.
Sadàyatana (S). The six indriyas or sense-organs: mắt eye, tai ear, mũi nose, lưỡi
tongue, thân body, ý mind. Six bases.
Lục căn
công đức. The powers of the six senses, i.e. the achievement by purification of
their interchange of function.
Lục căn
ngũ dụng. Substitution of one organ for another, or use of one organ to do the work
of all the others, which is a Buddha's power.
Lục căn
sám hối. A penitential (repentant) service over the sins of the six senses.
Lục căn
thanh tịnh. The six organs and their purification in order to develop their
unlimited power and interchange, as in the case of Buddha.
Lục căn
thanh tịnh vị. The state of the organs thus purified is defined by Thiên Thai as
the thập tín vị of the biệt giáo or the tương tợ tức of the viên giáo. Xem
Lục tức.
Lục cấu.
Six things that defile: cuống exageration, siểm flattery, kiêu arrogance, não
vexation, hận hatred, hại malice.
Lục chủng
chấn động. The six earthquakes, or earth-shakings, of which there are two
different categories. I-Those at the Buddha's conception, birth, enlightenment, first
preaching, when Màra besought him to live, and at his nirvàna; some omit the fifth and
after "birth" add "leaving home". II. Động shaking, Khởi rising,
Dũng waving, Chấn reverberating, Hống roaring, Kích arousing.
Lục chủng
quyết định. The six kinds of certainty resulting from the observance of the six pàramitàs:
(1) Tài thành the certainty of wealth; (2) Sinh thắng of rebirth in honourable
families; (3) Bất thoái of no retrogression (in lower conditions); (4) Tu tập of
progress in practice; (5) Định nghiệp of unfailingly good karma; (6) Vô công of
effortless abode in truth and wisdom.
Lục chủng
tính. The six germ-natures, or roots of Bodhisattva development: (1) Tập chủng
tính, the germ-nature of study of the không void (or immaterial), which corrects all
illusions of time and space; it corresponds to the thập trụ; (2) Tính chủng t.,
that of ability to discriminate all the tính natures of phenomena and transform the
living, the thập hạnh stage; (3) Đạo chủng t. (the middle-) way germ-nature,
which attains insight into Buddha-law, the thập hồi hướng; (4) Thánh chủng t.,
the saint germ-nature which produces holiness by destroying ignorance, the thập địa,
in which the Bodhisattva leaves the rank of the hiền and becomes thánh; (5) Đẳng giác
t., the bodhi-rank germ-nature which produces Buddhahood. (6) Diệu giác t. Buddha
stage.
Lục chủng
trụ. The six Bodhisattva-stages in the Bodhisattvabhùmi-sùtra Bồ tát địa trì
kinh: (1) Chủng tính trụ the attainment of the Buddha-seed nature in the thập
trụ; (2) Giải hành trụ of discernment and practice in the thập hạnh, thập hồi
hướng; (3) Tịnh tâm trụ of purity by attaining reality in the sơ địa kiến đạo;
(4) Hành đạo tích trụ of progress in riddance of incorrect thinking, in the nhị
địa to thất địa; (5) Quyết định trụ of powers of correct decision and
judgment in the bát, cửu địa; (6) Cứu cánh trụ of the perfect Bodhisattva-stage
in the thập địa and the đẳng giác vị, but not including the diệu giác vị
which is the Buddha-stage.
Lục chủng
xảo phương tiện. The six able devices ođ Bodhisattvas: (1) preaching deep
truths in simple form to lead on people gladly to believe; (2) promising them every good
way of realizing their desires, of wealth etc. (3) showing a threatening aspect to the
disobedient to induce reform; (4) rebuking and punishing them with a like object; (5)
granting wealth to induce grateful offerings and almsgiving; (6) descending from heaven,
leaving home, attaining bodhi, and leading all to joy and purity.
Lục dụ.
The six illustrations of unreality in the Diamond sùtra: mộng dream, huyễn a
phantasm, bào a bubble, ảnh a shadow, lộ dew and điện lightning
Lục dục.
The six sexual attractions arising fron sắc colour; hình mạo form; oai nghi tư thái
carriage; ngôn ngữ âm thanh voice (or speech); tế họạt softness; and nhân tướng
features. Desires that originate in the six sensorial roots.
Lục dục
thiên. The devalokas, i.e. the heavens of desire, i.e. with sense-organs
Lục đại.
The six great, or fundamental things, or elements - địa earth, thủy water, hỏa
fire, phong wind (or air), không space (or ether) and thức mind (or perception). These
are universal and creative of all things, but the vô tình inanimate are made only of the
first five while the hữu tình animate are of all six.
Lục đại
phiền não. The six great klesa, passions or distressers: tham desire, sân
resentment, si stupidity, mạn pride, nghi doubt and ác kiến false views.
Lục đạo.
The six ways, or conditions of sentient existence. Xem Lục thú.
Lục đạo
tứ sinh. The four modes of the six rebirths - thai womb, noãn egg,thấp moisture,
hóa transformation.
Lục đạo
tứ thánh. The four holy ways of the six rebirths - thanh văn sràvakas,
pratyeka-buddhas duyên giác, bồ tát bodhisattvas, Phật Buddhas.
Lục độ.
The six things that ferry one beyond the sea of mortality to nirvàna, i.e. the six
pàramitàs: (1) Bố thí dàna, charity or giving, including the bestowing of truth on
others; (2) Trì giới sìla, keeping the commandments; (3) Nhẫn nhục ksànti,
patience under insult; (4) Tinh tiến vìrya, zeal and progress; (5) Thiền định dhyàna,
meditation or contemplation; (6) Trí tuệ prajnà, wisdom, the power to discern reality
or truth. It is the last which carries across the samsàra (sea of incarnate life) to the
shore of nirvàna. The opposites of these virtues are meanness, wickedness, anger, sloth,
a distracted mind, and ignorance. The adds four other pàramitàs: (7) Phương tiện upàya,
the use of appropriate means; (8) Nguyện pranidhàna, pious vows; (9) Lực bala, power
of fulfilment; (10) Trí jnana knowledge.
Lục đức.
The six characteristics of a bhagavat, which is one of the Buddha's titles: sovereign,
glorious, majestic, famous, propitious, honoured.
Lục giới.
The six elements. Xem lục đại.
Lục giới
thú. The (human) body, which is composed of the six elements.
Lục
hòa. The six points of reverent harmony or unity in a monastery or convent: (1)
bodily unity in form of worship thân hòa đồng trụ; (2) oral unity in chanting khẩu
hòa vô tranh; (3) mental unity in faith ý hòa đồng duyệt; (4) moral unity in
observing the commandments giới hòa đồng tu; (5) doctrinal unity in views and
explainations kiến hòa đồng giải; (6) economic unity in community of goods, deeds,
studies or charity lợi hòa đồng quân.
Lục kết,
sáu gút. A cloth or cord tied in six consecutive double loops and knots The cloth
represents the fundamental unity, the knots the apparent diversity.
Lục La
hán, sáu La hán. The six arhat, i.e. Sàkyamuni and his first five disciples.
Lục nan,
sáu điều khó. The six difficult things: (1) Khó gặp Phật ra đời to be
born in the Buddha-age; (2) Khó được nghe Chính pháp to hear the true Buddha-law;
(3) Khó sinh lòng lành to beget a good heart; (4) Khó sinh ra nơi quốc độ trung
ương to be born in the central kingdom; (5) Khó được thân người to be born in
human form; (6) Khó đầy đủ các căn to be perfect,
Lục niệm.
The six thoughts to dwell upon: Phật Buddha, Pháp the Law, Tăng the Order, the Giới
commands, precepts, Thí almsgiving, and Thiên heaven with its prospective joys.
Lục
niên khổ hạnh. The six years of Sàkyamuni's austerities before his
enlightenment.
Lục
nhân. The six causations of the lục vị six stages of Bodhisattva development.
Every phenomenon depends upon the union of nhân primary cause and duyên conditional or
environmental cause; and ođ the nhân there are six kinds: (1)-Năng tác nhân
Kàrana-hetu, effective causes; (2)-Câu hữu nhân Sahabhù-hetu, co-operative causes;
(3)-Đồng loại Sabhàga-hetu, causes of the same kind; (4)-Tương ưng nhân
Samprayukta-hetu, mutual responsive, or associated causes; (5)-Biến hành nhân
Sarvatraga-hetu, universal oromnipresent causes; (6)-Dị thục nhân Vipàka-hetu,
differential fruition.
Lục nhập.
Sadàyatana (S). The six entrances, or locations, both the organ and the sensation - eye,
ear, nose, tongue, body and mind; sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and perception. The
six form one of the twelve nidànas.
Lục
phàm. The six
stages of rebirth for ordinary people: in the hells, as hungry ghosts, animals, asuras,
men and devas.
Lục
pháp giới. The six prohibition rules for a female devotee: bất dâm indelicacy of
contact with a male; bất đạo purloining for cash; bất sát killing animals; bất
cuống ngữ untruthfulness; bất phi thời thực food after the midday meal; bất
ẩm tửu wine drinking.
Lục phương.
The six directions E. W. N. S. above and below.
Lục
phương lễ. The brahman morning act of bathing and paying homage to the six
directions.
Lục quần
tỉ khưu (tỳ kheo). The six common-herd bhiksus, to whose improper or evil conduct
is attributed the laying down of many of the laws of Sàkyamuni.
Lục suy.
The six ruiners, i.e. the attractions of the six senses, idem lục trần, lục giới.
Lục sư
ngoại đạo. The six tirthikas or heterodox teachers: (1) Phú lan na Ca diếp,
Pùrana Kàsyapa; (2)-Mạt già lê Câu xá ly tử, Maskari Gosalêputra; (3)-San xà
da Tỳ la hiền tử, Sanjayin Vairatitra; (4)-A kỳ đa Si xá khâm bà la, Ajita
Kesakambala; (5)-Ca la cưu đà Ca chiên diên, Kakuda Kàtyàyana; (6)-Ni kiền đà
Nhã đề tử, Nirgranta-Jnatiputra.
Lục sự
thành tựu. The six things which enable a Bodhisattva to keep perfectly the six
pàramitàs - worshipful offerings, study of the moral duties, pity, zeal in goodness,
isolation, delight in the law.
Lục tặc.
The six cauras, or robbers, i.e. the six senses; also likened to the six pleasures of the
six sense organs.
Lục
thành tựu. Six
perfections found in the opening phrase of each sùtra: (1) "Thus", implies
perfect faith tín thành tựu; (2) "have I heard, perfect hearing văn thành tựu;
(3) "once", perfect time thời tt; (4) "the Buddha", the perfect lord
or master chủ tt; (5) "on Mt Grdhrakùta", the perfect place xứ tt; (6)
"with the great assembly of bhiksus", the perfect assembly chúng tt.
Lục
thân. The six immediate relations - father and mother, wife and child, elder and
younger brothers.
Lục thần
thông. The six transcendental, or magical powers. Xem Lục thông.
Lục thập
nhị kiến. Sixty two wrong views.
Lục thời.
The six "hours" or periods in a day, three for night and three for day, i.e.
morning, noon, evening; night, midnight and dawn.
Lục
thiên. The six devalokas: (1)-Tứ thiên vương. The realm of the four great kings.
(2)-Đao lợi thiên. Heaven of the thirty three gods. (3)-Dạ ma thiên. Yama heaven.
(4)-Đâu suất thiên. Tusita heaven. (5)-Lạc Biến hóa thiên. Nirmàna-rati
heaven. (6)-Tha hóa tự tại thiên. Para-nirmita-vasavartin heaven.
Lục
thông. Abhijnà, or sadabhijnà (S). The six supernatural or universal powers
acquired by a Buddha, also by an arhat through the fourth degree of dhyàna: (1) Thiên
nhãn thông Divyacaksu, divine eye; (2) Thiên nhĩ thông Divyasrotra, divine ear; (3)
Thần túc thông Rddhisàksàkrya, magical powers; (4) Túc mạng thông
Purvànivàsànu-smrtijnàna, remembrance of one's former state of existence; (5) Tha tâm
thông Paracittà-jnàna, ability to perceive other person's thoughts; (6) LỈu tận
thông Àsravaksaya-jnàna, supernatural consciousness of the waning of vicious
propensities; extinction of the cankers.
Lục
thú. The six directions of reincarnation, also lục đạo: (1) địa ngục
naraka-gati, or that of the hells; (2) ngạ quỉ preta-gati, of hungry ghosts; (3) súc
sinh tiryagyoni-gati, of animals; (4) a tu la asura-gati, of malevolent nature spirits;
(5) nhân manusya-gati, of human existence; (6) thiên deva-gati, of deva existence.
Lục thụ
(thọ). The six vedanas, i.e. receptions or sensations from the six organs lục căn.
Lục thụy,
sáu điềm. The six auspicious indications attributed to the Buddha as a preliminary
to his delivery of the Lotus-sùtra: (1) thuyết pháp his opening address on the
infinite; (2) nhập định his samàdhi; (3) mưa hoa the rain of flowers; (4) động
đất the earthquake; (5) đại chúng vui mừng the delight of the beholders; (6) Phật
phóng hào quang the Buddha-ray.
Lục thức.
The six consciousness.
Lục tiễn,
sáu mũi tên. The six arrows, i.e. the six senses.
Lục tổ.
The six patriarchs of Thiền tông who passed down robe and begging bowl in succession,
i.e. Bodhidharma, Huệ Khả, Tăng Sán, Đạo Tín, Hoằng Nhẫn and Huệ Năng.
Lục tội
nhân. The six kinds of offender, i.e. one who commits any of the tứ trọng four
grave sins, or destroys the harmony in the order. or sheds a Buddha's blood.
Lục
tông. The six schools: Tam luận, Pháp tướng, Hoa nghiêm, Luật, Thành thật,
Câu xá.
Lục trai
nhật. The six monthly posadha, or fast days: the 8th, 14th, 15th, 23rd, 29th, 30th.
Lục trần.
Bàhyu-àyatana (S). The six gunas, qualities produced by the objects and organs of sense,
i.e. sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and idea. Dust trần is dirt, and these six
qualities are therefore the cause of all impurity. The six external base-spheres.
Lục trước
tâm. The six bonds, or the mind of the six bonds, greed, love, hate, lust, pride.
Lục tuệ.
The six kinds of wisdom. Each is alloted seriatim to one of the six positions lục vị
(1) Văn tuệ the wisdom of hearing and apprehending the truth of the middle way is
associated with thập trụ; (2) Tư tuệ of thought, with thập hạnh (3) Tu tuệ of
observance, with the thập hồi hướng; (4) Vô tướng tuệ of neither extreme, or
the mean, with thập địa; (5) Chiếu tịch tuệ of understanding of nirvàna, with
đẳng giác; (6) Tịch chiếu tuệ of making nirvàna illuminate all beings, with
Buddha-fruition.
Lục tự.
The six words or syllables Nam mô A di đà Phật Namo Amitàbha.
Lục tự
Đà la ni. Aum Mani Padme Hum (Án Ma ni Bát di Hồng).
Lục tức.
The six stages of Bodhisattva developments as defined in the Thiên Thai Viên giáo, i.e.
Perfect or Final Teaching, in contrast with the previous, or ordinary Thập tín, thập
trụ etc, as found in the Biệt giáo Differentiated or Seperate school. The Thiên Thai
six are: (1) Lý tức realization that all beings are of Buddha-nature; (2)- Danh tự tức
the apprehension of terms, that those who only hear and believe are in the Buddha-law and
potentially Buddha; (3)-Quán hạnh tức advance beyond terminology to meditation, or
study and accordant action; it is known as ngũ phẩm quán hạnh or ngũ phẩm đệ tử
vị. (4)-Tương tợ tức semblance stage, or approximation to perfection in purity,
the lục căn thanh tịnh vị, i.e.the thập tín vị, (5)-Phần chứng tức
discrimination of truth and its progressive experiential proof, i.e. the thập trụ, thập
hạnh, thập hồi hướng, thập địa and đẳng giác vị of the biệt giáo,
known also as the thánh nhân cause or root of holiness; (6)-Cứu cánh tức perfect
enlightenment, i.e. diệu giác vị or thánh quả fruition of holiness.
Lục tức
Phật. Buddha in six forms mentioned above.
Lục tướng.
The six characteristics found in everything - tổng biệt whole and parts, đồng dị
unity and diversity, thành hoại entirety and (its) fraction.
Lục vật.
The six things personal to amonk - sanghàti, the patch robe; uttarà sanghàti, the stole
of seven pieces; antara-vàsaka, the skirt or inner garment of five pieces; the above are
the tam y three garments; pàtra begging bowl; nisìdana a stool; and a water-strainer.
The six are also called tam y lục vật.
Lục vị.
The six stages of Bodhisattva development, i.e. thập tín, thập trụ, thập hồi hướng,
thập địa, đẳng giác, Phật địa.
Lục vị.
The six tastes or flavours - đắng bitter, chua sour, ngọt sweet, chát acrid, mặn
salt and nhạt insipid
Lục xứ,
lục nhập. Sadàyatana (S). The six places, or abodes of perception or sensation,
one of the nidànas. Six spheres of sense-organs.
Luyến
ái, ái dục, dục vọng. Trsnà (S), Tanhà (P). Craving, thirst, lust.
Lư câu
đa bà thi bộ. Lokottaravàda (S). Buddhist sect. Also Thuyết xuất thế bộ,
xuất thế bộ.
Lữ lô
đạt ma. Xem cồ lâu đạt ma.
Lự thủy
nang, đồ lọc nước. Water-filter.
Lửa.
Agni (S). Fire.
Lực.
Bala (S). Power, strength. Thập lực: the ten powers of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
Lực ba
la mật. The bala-pàramità (S). Resolution.
Lực sĩ.
Vira (S). A strong or mighty man, hero, demigod.
Lưu xá
na Phật. Virocana Buddha (S). The Sun Buddha.
Lương.
Good, beneficial, virtuous.
Lương hoàng
sám. The litany of Lương Vũ Đế for his wife, who became a large snake, or
dragon, after her death and troubled the emperor's dreams. After the litany was performed,
she became a devi, thanked the emperor and departed. Also Từ bi đạo tràng sám
pháp.
Lương nhật,
cát nhật. A good or auspicious day.
Lương
vũ đế. Liang Wu Ti (C). A Chinese Emperor.
Lương phúc
điền. The field of blessedness, cultivated by offerings to Buddha, the Law and the
Order.
Lưỡng.
Two, a couple, both; an ounce, or tael.
Lưỡng dực,
hai cánh. The two wings of định meditation and tuệ wisdom.
Lưỡng
giới mạn đà la. Mandala of the two sections, i.e. dual powers of the two
Japanese groups symbolizing the Kim cương giới Vajradhàtu and Thai tạng giới
Garbhadhàtu.
Lưỡng hà.
The two rivers, Niranjanà where Buddha attained enlightenment and Hiranyavati where he
entered nirvàna.
Lưỡng
kiên thần, thần hai vai. The two recording spirits, one at each shoulder.
Lưỡng
quyền. The two temporary vehicles, Sràvaka Thanh văn and Pratyeka-Buddha Duyên
giác, as contrasted to the thực complete Bodhisattva doctrine of Mahàyàna.
Lưỡng
thiệt. Double tongue. One of the ten forms of evil conduct thập ác nghiệp.
Lưỡng túc
tôn. The most honoured among men and devas (among two footed beings), a title of
Buddha. The two feet are compared to the commandments and meditation, phúc blessing and
tuệ wisdom, relative and absolute teaching, meditation and action.
Lưu.
Flow; float; spread; wander.
Lưu chuyển.
Samsàra (S). Transmigration, flowing and returning, flowing back again.
Lưu chuyển
môn. The way of transmigration, as contrasted with diệt môn that of nirvàna.
Lưu lai.
Flowed or floated down; that which has come down from the past.
Lưu lai
sinh tử. Transmigration which has come down from thr state of primal ignorance.
Lưu sa.
Floating or shifting sands.
Lưu thông.
Spread abroad; permeate; flowing through, or everywhere, without effective hindrance.
Circulation.
Lưu truyền.
To hand down (to posterity); to bequeath sth to generations to come.
Lưu ly.
Lapis lazuli.
Ly. To
leave, part from, apart from, abandon.
Ly bà
đa. Revata.
Ly cái.
To abandon the ngũ cái five obscurers, or hindrances to truth.
Ly cấu.
To leave the impure, abandon the defiling influence of the passions, or illusion.
Ly cấu
địa. The second of the ten bodhisattva stages in which he overcomes all passion and
impurity
Ly cấu
nhãn. To abandon the eye of imourity, or cantamination, and attain the eye which
beholds truth and reality.
Ly cấu
thế giới. The world free from impurity, the name of Sàriputra's Buddha-realm.
Ly dục.
To leave or be free from desire, or the passions.
Ly gián
ngữ. Talk which causes estrangement between friends; alienating words; one of the
ten wicked things.
Ly hệ quả.
Visamyogaphala (S).
Ly ngôn.
That which cannot be described in words, e.g. the bhùtatathatà, which is beyond
definition.
Ly sinh.
To leave the chain of rebirth.
Ly sinh hỷ
lạc địa. The first dhyàna heaven, where is experienced the joy of leaving the
evils of life.
Ly sinh
tính. The true nature of the holy man which leaves the round of mortality.
Ly tính
vô biệt Phật. Apart from mind there is no other Buddha, i.e. the tính is Buddha.
Ly tướng,
ly tướng giới, vô tướng giới. The inner commands, or observance in the
heart, in contrast with external observance or ritual.
Ly trần
phục. Kasàya (S). The monk's robe, freed from the dusty world; i.e. free from the
contamination of the senses.
Lý.
Siddhànta, hetu (S). Ruling principle, fundamental law, intrinsicality, universal basis,
essential element; nidàna, reason; pramàna, to arrange, regulate, rule, rectify.
Lý chướng.
The hindrance caused by incorrect views of truth.
Lý cụ.
Wholly noumenal, or all things as aspects of the absolute, a doctrine of the Thiên Thai
"profounder" school, in contrast with the sự tạo of the
"shallower" school, which considered all things to be phenomenally produced.
Lý hoặc.
Illusion in regard to fundamental truth, e.g. the reality of the ego and things; as sự
hoặc is illusion in regard to things themselves. Also fundamental illusion; reality and
illusion.
Lý luận.
Reasoning on, or discussion of, principles, or fundamental truth.
Lý nhập.
Entry by the truth, or by means of the doctrine, as hạnh nhập is entry by conduct or
practice.
Lý pháp
thân. The Dharmakàya as absolute being, in contrast with trí pháp thân the
Dharmakàya as wisdom, both according to the older school being vô vi noumenal; later
writers treat lý pháp thân as noumenal and trí pháp thân as kinetic or active. Lý
pháp giới one of the tứ giới, that of the common essence or dharmakàya of all
beings.
Lý Phật.
The fundamental or intrinsic Buddha, i.e. the Dharmakàya; also the Thiên Thai doctrine
of Buddha as immanent in all beings.
Lý Phật
tính. The fundamental Buddha-nature, in contrast with Hạnh Phật tính the
Buddha-nature in action or development.
Lý quán.
The concept of absolute truth; the concentration of the mind upon reality.
Lý sự.
Noumena and phenomena, principle and practice, absolute and realative, real and empirical,
cause and effect, fundamental essence and external activity, potential and actual; e.g.
store and distribution, ocean and wave, static and kinetic.
Lý tại
tuyệt ngôn. Truth is in eliminating words; it is independent of words; it does not
require words to express it.
Lý tính.
Absolute nature, immutable reality, fundamental prinviple or character.
Lý tức
Phật. The underlying truth of all things is Buddha; immanent reason; Buddhahood, or
the underdeveloped Buddha in all beings.
Lý thể.
The fundamental substance or body of all things.
Lý thiền.
The dhyàna of or concentration on absolute truth free from phenomenal contamination.
Lý trí.
Principle and gnosis (reason); the noumenal in essence and in knowledge; the truth in
itself and in knowledge; lý is also the fundamental principle of the phenomenon under
observation, trí the observing wisdom. Also knowledge or enlightenment in its essence or
purity, free from incarnational influences.